Personal Income tax

A Cyprus tax resident individual is any person who is physically present in Cyprus for more than 183 days in a calendar year and is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

Tax-residency

A calendar year is the same as a tax year. It does not matter the purpose of being in Cyprus, nor is it a condition that a Cyprus tax resident person owns or rents accommodation in Cyprus. It is literally based on the number of days without any further conditions.

As of 1st January 2017, an individual will also be considered a Cyprus tax resident if he/she:

  • does not spend more than atotal of 183 days in any country within a tax year; and
  • is not a tax resident of another country within the same tax year; and satisfies the following three conditions:
  1. remains in Cyprus for at least 60 days during the tax year;
  2. carries on a business in Cyprus or is employed in Cyprus or holds an office in a Cyprus tax resident company at any time during the tax year; and
  3. maintains a permanent residence in Cyprus, which can be either owned or rented.

It is noted that, if the employment/business or holding of an office as per (b) above is terminated, then the individual would cease to be considered a Cyprus tax resident for that tax year under the 60 days tax residency scheme.

For calculating and meeting both the “183 days rule” and the “60 days rule”, the below are considered:

  • the day of departure is considered a day outside of Cyprus;
  • the day of arrival is considered a day in Cyprus;
  • arriving in Cyprus and departing on the same day is considered a day in Cyprus; and
  • departing from Cyprus and arriving on the same day is considered a day outside of Cyprus.

Tax residents

Tax residents are taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic. Such income can derive from:

  • Trade or any office or employment;
  • Dividends and interest;
  • Rents and royalties from real estate or intellectual property;
  • Pensions and annuities;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • Loans or financial assistanceto a director, share holder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Non-Tax residents

  • Income from a permanent establishment situated in Cyprus;
  • Income from any office oremployment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Pensions derived from past employment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Rent from property situated inCyprus;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • The gross income derived by an individual from the exercise in Cyprus of any profession or vocation, the remuneration of public entertainers and the gross receipts of any theatrical,
    musical or other group of public entertainers;
  • Directors’ fees and similar remunerations in their capacity as directors of companies considered to be tax resident companies of Cyprus.
  • Loans or financial assistance to a director, shareholder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Benefits in Kind

The taxation of benefits is provided in Article 5 of the Income Tax Law, according to which benefits from any office or employment, provided to an employee or to a member of his family either in cash or otherwise, are subject to tax.

Benefit in kind means the benefit that is, or is deemed to be, granted in connection with any employment or the holding of an office.

The rules apply with reference to benefits in kind provided to:

  • Employees, and
  • persons who hold or are deemed to hold an office.

When the benefit is granted to a member of the family or household of the person who is employed or holds the office, then the benefit shall be deemed to be provided to that person.

Employers are required to keep records indicating how the value of the benefits in kind has been determined and such records should be available for inspection when requested by the Tax Department.

Since benefits in kind are taxed in the same way as salaries, the employer who will bear the cost of providing them will be able to deduct such cost from his taxable income under the same conditions that it would be deducted had it been a salary payment.

Any person providing "benefits in kind" to an employee and any company or corporation providing benefits to its officers, even in cases where it does not have employees, is considered as an employer by the Tax Department and should register on the Employers' Register and receive a T.I.C, which will enable the submission of the Employer's Return (T.D. 7).

The value of benefits in kind is taxed in the same way as the gross earnings, through the submission of the Form T.D. 7. Employers are required to declare the benefits in kind provided by them or by their connected companies.

Categories of Benefits in Kind

  1. Benefits in kind in relation tocars - Benefits in kind that relate to cars can be classified into three types:
  • Use of car - A benefit in kind arises where there is a usual element of private use;
  • Commercial Cars (Van type)
  • Direct cash payments for car use
  1. Accommodation and use of assets;
  2. Other benefits in kind.

Exemptions

As a general principle, exemptions apply only to the extent where the payment or reimbursement to the employee is made against actual costs supported by payment receipts. They don't apply where the relevant benefit in kind takes the form of cash.

Other specific exemptions mentioned in the guide include amongst others:

  • Computer equipment
  • Telephone services
  • Childcare facilities
  • Goods consumed in the workspace
  • Newspapers
  • Awards for long-term service
  • Christmas parties and events
  • Subscriptions to professionalbodies
  • Training Courses/scholarshipsto employees
  • Uniforms and specialized attire
  • Recreation areas
  • Relocation expenses
Table - 2 Column Wide
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Plant and machinery
10
Furniture and fittings
10
Industrial carpets
10
Machinery and tools used  in an agricultural business
15
Vehicles and Means of Transportation*
Commercial motor vehicles
20
Motor cycles
20
Excavators, tractors,  bulldozers, self-propelled loaders and drums for petrol companies
25
Armoured cars (e.g. used by Security Services)
20
Specialised machinery for the laying of railroads
20
New airplanes
8
New helicopters
8
Sailing vessels
4,5
Motor Yachts
6
Steamships, tug-boats and  fishing boats
6
Ship launching  machinery  
12,5
New cargo vessels
8
New passenger vessels
6
Used cargo/passenger  vessels
Over their UEL
* Plant and machinery,vehicles (excluding private motor vehicles) and other assets acquired duringthe tax years 2012 - 2018 (inclusive) are eligible to accelerated taxdepreciation at the rate of 20% (excluding such assets which are alreadyeligible for a higher annual tax rate of tax depreciation).
Other
Televisions and videos
10
Computer hardware and  operating systems
20
Application software
33 1/3
Application software for less than €1.709 is written off in the year of acquisition
Wind Power Generators
10
Photovoltaic Systems
10
Tools in general
33 1/3
Videotapes property of  video clubs
50
Buildings*
Commercial buildings
3
Industrial, agricultural  and hotel buildings
4
Flats
3
Metallic greenhouse  structures
10
Wooden greenhouse  structures
33 1/3
* In the case ofindustrial and hotel buildings that are acquired during the tax years 2012 -2018 (inclusive), accelerated tax depreciation at the rate of 7% per annumapplies.
Table -  4 Column
Source
in Millions
Cyprus tax resident
Companies
per Sq KM
Cyprus tax resident and
domiciled individuals
in Million of $
Cyprus tax resident but
non-domiciled individuals
in Million of $
Dividends from Cyprus tax resident companies
0% 

17% if received after the lapse of 4 years fromthe end of the year in which the profits were distributed
17%
0%
Dividends from non-Cyprus tax resident companies
0% 

However, 0% andnot 17% is applicable when:
a) more than 50% of the foreignpaying company’s activities result directly or indirectly in investment income,and
b) theforeign tax is significantly lower than the tax burden in Cyprus, i.e. lessthan 6,25%
17%
0%
Interest income arising from the ordinary activities or closely connected with theordinary activities of the business
0% but subject to corporation  tax
0% but subject to personal tax
0% but subject to personal tax
Other interest income
30%
30% (subject to conditions)
0%
Rental income less 25%
3%
3%
0%

The following types of income are exempted from income tax:

  •  Interest income (excluding interest income arising in the ordinary course of business or closely connected with the carrying on of the business)
    o Interest income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Dividend income
    o Dividend income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Profits from the disposal of securities/titles. Please click Cyprus Tax Regime (section: Circular  ‘Titles’) for what is defined as security/title.
  • 20% (maximum €8.550) of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment. This exemption applies until the tax year 2030(inclusive), and cannot be granted for a total period exceeding five years.
  • 50% of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment provided that the annual remuneration exceeds €100.000 (subject to certain specific conditions).
  • Remuneration from rendering services outside Cyprus to a non-Cyprus tax resident employer or to an overseas permanent establishment of a Cyprus tax resident employer for more than 90 days in a tax year.
  • Foreign exchange gains excluding those arising from trading in currencies and related derivatives. However, the taxable person has the option to make a binding election to be subject to tax only on realised foreign exchange differences.
  • Lump sum received as retiring gratuity, commutation of pension, death gratuity or as consolidated compensation for death or injury.
  • Income from permanent establishment outside the republic (subject to certain specific conditions)
  • Rental income from preserved building (subject to certain specific conditions).

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of generating taxableincome and which are supported by proper and reliable documentation, can be considered as tax deductible. These can include the following:

  • Interest relating to the acquisition of assets used in the business or of a building for rental purposes;
  • Subscriptions to trade unions or professional bodies;
  • 80% of profits arising from the exploitation of intellectual property rights;
  • Donations to approved charitable organisations;
  • Scientific research expenditure
  • Amount invested for the acquisition of shares in innovative small and medium sized business (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Donations to political parties (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Business entertaining expenses over the amount of €17.086 or 1% of turnover, whichever is lower

The following expenses cannot be deducted from the income in the computation of taxable income:

  • Private motor saloon car expenses
  • Wages and salaries on which contributions have not been paid to the relevant funds (including provident funds), in the year they are due. If the contributions are paid within two years from the end of the relevant tax year, then they are tax deductible in that year.
  • Expenses not supported by invoices or other supporting documentation
  • Interest payable or deemed to be payable in relation to the acquisition of a private motor vehicle, irrespective of whether it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of acquisition of the relevant asset.
  • Interest expense incurred for the acquisition of shares in a wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary will be deductible for income tax purposes provided that this subsidiary does not own (directly or indirectly) any assets which are not used in the business. If this subsidiary does own (directly or indirectly) assets that are not used in the business, the interest expense that corresponds to the percentage of assets not used in the business will not be deductible. This applies to shares acquired from 1 January 2012.

Personal tax allowances

  • Social insurance contributions, contributions to approved provident and pension funds, the general health plan, contributions to medical or other approved funds as well as life insurance premiums (subject to restrictions).
  • 7% of the annual life insurance premium
  • Cancellation of a life insurance policy within 6 years from the date it was entered into, part of the life insurance premiums already given as an allowable deduction will be taxable (subject to restrictions).
  • Payments relating to premiums paid to approved medical funds are tax deductible, provided that they do not exceed 1,5% of the gross salary income.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid can be credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on the same income.

Losses

Individuals who have an obligation to prepare audited financial statements may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years, to be offset against taxable income. Where person, including a partnership, converts a business into a limited liability company, any unutilised tax losses can be transferred to the new company.

Individuals can deductfrom the capital gain the following:
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Disposal of private residence (subject to certain  conditions)
€85.430
Disposal of agricultural land by a farmer
€25.629
Any other disposal of immovable property
€17.086
Table -  4 Column
Market value €
in Millions
Rate %
per Sq KM
Fees €
in Million of $
Accumulated fees €
in Million of $
Up to 85.000
3
2.550
2.550
85.000 – 170.000
5
4.250
6.800
Above 170.000
8
Individuals can deductfrom the capital gain the following:
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Transfer to children
0%
Transfer to spouse
0,1%
Transfer to a relative (up to 3rd degree)
0,1%
Penalties
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Late registration
€ 85 per month
Late deregistration
€85 one off
Late submission of VAT return
€100 per return
Late submission of VIES return
€50 per return
Late submission of Intrastat return
€15 per return
Late correction of mistake on VIES return
€15 per return
Failure to issue a lawful receipt
20% of the value of the supply
 Late payment of VAT
(i) 10% of the payable amount (one off)
(ii) and interestfor any complete month for which the amount remains due
Non-settlement of VAT amounts
Interest for every complete month for which the  amount remains due
Failure to apply the reverse charge  provisions
€200 per return which will not exceed the  penalty of €4.000
Table - 2 Column Wide
Period
Interest rate %
in Millions
Up to 31 December 2016
9
01/01/2007 – 31/12/2009
8
01/01/2010 – 31/12/2010
5,35
01/01/2011 – 31/12/2012
5
01/01/2013 – 31/12/2013
4,75
01/01/2014 – 31/12/2014
4,5
01/01/2015 – 31/12/2016
4
01/01/2017 – 31/12/2018
3,5
01/01/2019 – 31/12/2019
2
01/01/2020 – 31/12/2021
1,75
From 1 January 2022
1,75

A Cyprus tax resident individual is any person who is physically present in Cyprus for more than 183 days in a calendar year and is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

Tax-residency

A calendar year is the same as a tax year. It does not matter the purpose of being in Cyprus, nor is it a condition that a Cyprus tax resident person owns or rents accommodation in Cyprus. It is literally based on the number of days without any further conditions.

As of 1st January 2017, an individual will also be considered a Cyprus tax resident if he/she:

  • does not spend more than atotal of 183 days in any country within a tax year; and
  • is not a tax resident of another country within the same tax year; and satisfies the following three conditions:
  1. remains in Cyprus for at least 60 days during the tax year;
  2. carries on a business in Cyprus or is employed in Cyprus or holds an office in a Cyprus tax resident company at any time during the tax year; and
  3. maintains a permanent residence in Cyprus, which can be either owned or rented.

It is noted that, if the employment/business or holding of an office as per (b) above is terminated, then the individual would cease to be considered a Cyprus tax resident for that tax year under the 60 days tax residency scheme.

For calculating and meeting both the “183 days rule” and the “60 days rule”, the below are considered:

  • the day of departure is considered a day outside of Cyprus;
  • the day of arrival is considered a day in Cyprus;
  • arriving in Cyprus and departing on the same day is considered a day in Cyprus; and
  • departing from Cyprus and arriving on the same day is considered a day outside of Cyprus.

Tax residents

Tax residents are taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic. Such income can derive from:

  • Trade or any office or employment;
  • Dividends and interest;
  • Rents and royalties from real estate or intellectual property;
  • Pensions and annuities;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • Loans or financial assistanceto a director, share holder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Non-Tax residents

  • Income from a permanent establishment situated in Cyprus;
  • Income from any office oremployment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Pensions derived from past employment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Rent from property situated inCyprus;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • The gross income derived by an individual from the exercise in Cyprus of any profession or vocation, the remuneration of public entertainers and the gross receipts of any theatrical,
    musical or other group of public entertainers;
  • Directors’ fees and similar remunerations in their capacity as directors of companies considered to be tax resident companies of Cyprus.
  • Loans or financial assistance to a director, shareholder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Benefits in Kind

The taxation of benefits is provided in Article 5 of the Income Tax Law, according to which benefits from any office or employment, provided to an employee or to a member of his family either in cash or otherwise, are subject to tax.

Benefit in kind means the benefit that is, or is deemed to be, granted in connection with any employment or the holding of an office.

The rules apply with reference to benefits in kind provided to:

  • Employees, and
  • persons who hold or are deemed to hold an office.

When the benefit is granted to a member of the family or household of the person who is employed or holds the office, then the benefit shall be deemed to be provided to that person.

Employers are required to keep records indicating how the value of the benefits in kind has been determined and such records should be available for inspection when requested by the Tax Department.

Since benefits in kind are taxed in the same way as salaries, the employer who will bear the cost of providing them will be able to deduct such cost from his taxable income under the same conditions that it would be deducted had it been a salary payment.

Any person providing "benefits in kind" to an employee and any company or corporation providing benefits to its officers, even in cases where it does not have employees, is considered as an employer by the Tax Department and should register on the Employers' Register and receive a T.I.C, which will enable the submission of the Employer's Return (T.D. 7).

The value of benefits in kind is taxed in the same way as the gross earnings, through the submission of the Form T.D. 7. Employers are required to declare the benefits in kind provided by them or by their connected companies.

Categories of Benefits in Kind

  1. Benefits in kind in relation tocars - Benefits in kind that relate to cars can be classified into three types:
  • Use of car - A benefit in kind arises where there is a usual element of private use;
  • Commercial Cars (Van type)
  • Direct cash payments for car use
  1. Accommodation and use of assets;
  2. Other benefits in kind.

Exemptions

As a general principle, exemptions apply only to the extent where the payment or reimbursement to the employee is made against actual costs supported by payment receipts. They don't apply where the relevant benefit in kind takes the form of cash.

Other specific exemptions mentioned in the guide include amongst others:

  • Computer equipment
  • Telephone services
  • Childcare facilities
  • Goods consumed in the workspace
  • Newspapers
  • Awards for long-term service
  • Christmas parties and events
  • Subscriptions to professionalbodies
  • Training Courses/scholarshipsto employees
  • Uniforms and specialized attire
  • Recreation areas
  • Relocation expenses
Table - 2 Column Wide
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Plant and machinery
10
Furniture and fittings
10
Industrial carpets
10
Machinery and tools used  in an agricultural business
15
Vehicles and Means of Transportation*
Commercial motor vehicles
20
Motor cycles
20
Excavators, tractors,  bulldozers, self-propelled loaders and drums for petrol companies
25
Armoured cars (e.g. used by Security Services)
20
Specialised machinery for the laying of railroads
20
New airplanes
8
New helicopters
8
Sailing vessels
4,5
Motor Yachts
6
Steamships, tug-boats and  fishing boats
6
Ship launching  machinery  
12,5
New cargo vessels
8
New passenger vessels
6
Used cargo/passenger  vessels
Over their UEL
* Plant and machinery,vehicles (excluding private motor vehicles) and other assets acquired duringthe tax years 2012 - 2018 (inclusive) are eligible to accelerated taxdepreciation at the rate of 20% (excluding such assets which are alreadyeligible for a higher annual tax rate of tax depreciation).
Other
Televisions and videos
10
Computer hardware and  operating systems
20
Application software
33 1/3
Application software for less than €1.709 is written off in the year of acquisition
Wind Power Generators
10
Photovoltaic Systems
10
Tools in general
33 1/3
Videotapes property of  video clubs
50
Buildings*
Commercial buildings
3
Industrial, agricultural  and hotel buildings
4
Flats
3
Metallic greenhouse  structures
10
Wooden greenhouse  structures
33 1/3
* In the case ofindustrial and hotel buildings that are acquired during the tax years 2012 -2018 (inclusive), accelerated tax depreciation at the rate of 7% per annumapplies.
Table -  4 Column
Source
in Millions
Cyprus tax resident
Companies
per Sq KM
Cyprus tax resident and
domiciled individuals
in Million of $
Cyprus tax resident but
non-domiciled individuals
in Million of $
Dividends from Cyprus tax resident companies
0% 

17% if received after the lapse of 4 years fromthe end of the year in which the profits were distributed
17%
0%
Dividends from non-Cyprus tax resident companies
0% 

However, 0% andnot 17% is applicable when:
a) more than 50% of the foreignpaying company’s activities result directly or indirectly in investment income,and
b) theforeign tax is significantly lower than the tax burden in Cyprus, i.e. lessthan 6,25%
17%
0%
Interest income arising from the ordinary activities or closely connected with theordinary activities of the business
0% but subject to corporation  tax
0% but subject to personal tax
0% but subject to personal tax
Other interest income
30%
30% (subject to conditions)
0%
Rental income less 25%
3%
3%
0%

The following types of income are exempted from income tax:

  •  Interest income (excluding interest income arising in the ordinary course of business or closely connected with the carrying on of the business)
    o Interest income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Dividend income
    o Dividend income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Profits from the disposal of securities/titles. Please click Cyprus Tax Regime (section: Circular  ‘Titles’) for what is defined as security/title.
  • 20% (maximum €8.550) of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment. This exemption applies until the tax year 2030(inclusive), and cannot be granted for a total period exceeding five years.
  • 50% of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment provided that the annual remuneration exceeds €100.000 (subject to certain specific conditions).
  • Remuneration from rendering services outside Cyprus to a non-Cyprus tax resident employer or to an overseas permanent establishment of a Cyprus tax resident employer for more than 90 days in a tax year.
  • Foreign exchange gains excluding those arising from trading in currencies and related derivatives. However, the taxable person has the option to make a binding election to be subject to tax only on realised foreign exchange differences.
  • Lump sum received as retiring gratuity, commutation of pension, death gratuity or as consolidated compensation for death or injury.
  • Income from permanent establishment outside the republic (subject to certain specific conditions)
  • Rental income from preserved building (subject to certain specific conditions).

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of generating taxableincome and which are supported by proper and reliable documentation, can be considered as tax deductible. These can include the following:

  • Interest relating to the acquisition of assets used in the business or of a building for rental purposes;
  • Subscriptions to trade unions or professional bodies;
  • 80% of profits arising from the exploitation of intellectual property rights;
  • Donations to approved charitable organisations;
  • Scientific research expenditure
  • Amount invested for the acquisition of shares in innovative small and medium sized business (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Donations to political parties (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Business entertaining expenses over the amount of €17.086 or 1% of turnover, whichever is lower

The following expenses cannot be deducted from the income in the computation of taxable income:

  • Private motor saloon car expenses
  • Wages and salaries on which contributions have not been paid to the relevant funds (including provident funds), in the year they are due. If the contributions are paid within two years from the end of the relevant tax year, then they are tax deductible in that year.
  • Expenses not supported by invoices or other supporting documentation
  • Interest payable or deemed to be payable in relation to the acquisition of a private motor vehicle, irrespective of whether it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of acquisition of the relevant asset.
  • Interest expense incurred for the acquisition of shares in a wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary will be deductible for income tax purposes provided that this subsidiary does not own (directly or indirectly) any assets which are not used in the business. If this subsidiary does own (directly or indirectly) assets that are not used in the business, the interest expense that corresponds to the percentage of assets not used in the business will not be deductible. This applies to shares acquired from 1 January 2012.

Personal tax allowances

  • Social insurance contributions, contributions to approved provident and pension funds, the general health plan, contributions to medical or other approved funds as well as life insurance premiums (subject to restrictions).
  • 7% of the annual life insurance premium
  • Cancellation of a life insurance policy within 6 years from the date it was entered into, part of the life insurance premiums already given as an allowable deduction will be taxable (subject to restrictions).
  • Payments relating to premiums paid to approved medical funds are tax deductible, provided that they do not exceed 1,5% of the gross salary income.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid can be credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on the same income.

Losses

Individuals who have an obligation to prepare audited financial statements may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years, to be offset against taxable income. Where person, including a partnership, converts a business into a limited liability company, any unutilised tax losses can be transferred to the new company.

Individuals can deductfrom the capital gain the following:
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Disposal of private residence (subject to certain  conditions)
€85.430
Disposal of agricultural land by a farmer
€25.629
Any other disposal of immovable property
€17.086
Table -  4 Column
Market value €
in Millions
Rate %
per Sq KM
Fees €
in Million of $
Accumulated fees €
in Million of $
Up to 85.000
3
2.550
2.550
85.000 – 170.000
5
4.250
6.800
Above 170.000
8

A Cyprus tax resident individual is any person who is physically present in Cyprus for more than 183 days in a calendar year and is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

Tax-residency

A calendar year is the same as a tax year. It does not matter the purpose of being in Cyprus, nor is it a condition that a Cyprus tax resident person owns or rents accommodation in Cyprus. It is literally based on the number of days without any further conditions.

As of 1st January 2017, an individual will also be considered a Cyprus tax resident if he/she:

  • does not spend more than atotal of 183 days in any country within a tax year; and
  • is not a tax resident of another country within the same tax year; and satisfies the following three conditions:
  1. remains in Cyprus for at least 60 days during the tax year;
  2. carries on a business in Cyprus or is employed in Cyprus or holds an office in a Cyprus tax resident company at any time during the tax year; and
  3. maintains a permanent residence in Cyprus, which can be either owned or rented.

It is noted that, if the employment/business or holding of an office as per (b) above is terminated, then the individual would cease to be considered a Cyprus tax resident for that tax year under the 60 days tax residency scheme.

For calculating and meeting both the “183 days rule” and the “60 days rule”, the below are considered:

  • the day of departure is considered a day outside of Cyprus;
  • the day of arrival is considered a day in Cyprus;
  • arriving in Cyprus and departing on the same day is considered a day in Cyprus; and
  • departing from Cyprus and arriving on the same day is considered a day outside of Cyprus.

Tax residents

Tax residents are taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic. Such income can derive from:

  • Trade or any office or employment;
  • Dividends and interest;
  • Rents and royalties from real estate or intellectual property;
  • Pensions and annuities;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • Loans or financial assistanceto a director, share holder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Non-Tax residents

  • Income from a permanent establishment situated in Cyprus;
  • Income from any office oremployment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Pensions derived from past employment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Rent from property situated inCyprus;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • The gross income derived by an individual from the exercise in Cyprus of any profession or vocation, the remuneration of public entertainers and the gross receipts of any theatrical,
    musical or other group of public entertainers;
  • Directors’ fees and similar remunerations in their capacity as directors of companies considered to be tax resident companies of Cyprus.
  • Loans or financial assistance to a director, shareholder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Benefits in Kind

The taxation of benefits is provided in Article 5 of the Income Tax Law, according to which benefits from any office or employment, provided to an employee or to a member of his family either in cash or otherwise, are subject to tax.

Benefit in kind means the benefit that is, or is deemed to be, granted in connection with any employment or the holding of an office.

The rules apply with reference to benefits in kind provided to:

  • Employees, and
  • persons who hold or are deemed to hold an office.

When the benefit is granted to a member of the family or household of the person who is employed or holds the office, then the benefit shall be deemed to be provided to that person.

Employers are required to keep records indicating how the value of the benefits in kind has been determined and such records should be available for inspection when requested by the Tax Department.

Since benefits in kind are taxed in the same way as salaries, the employer who will bear the cost of providing them will be able to deduct such cost from his taxable income under the same conditions that it would be deducted had it been a salary payment.

Any person providing "benefits in kind" to an employee and any company or corporation providing benefits to its officers, even in cases where it does not have employees, is considered as an employer by the Tax Department and should register on the Employers' Register and receive a T.I.C, which will enable the submission of the Employer's Return (T.D. 7).

The value of benefits in kind is taxed in the same way as the gross earnings, through the submission of the Form T.D. 7. Employers are required to declare the benefits in kind provided by them or by their connected companies.

Categories of Benefits in Kind

  1. Benefits in kind in relation tocars - Benefits in kind that relate to cars can be classified into three types:
  • Use of car - A benefit in kind arises where there is a usual element of private use;
  • Commercial Cars (Van type)
  • Direct cash payments for car use
  1. Accommodation and use of assets;
  2. Other benefits in kind.

Exemptions

As a general principle, exemptions apply only to the extent where the payment or reimbursement to the employee is made against actual costs supported by payment receipts. They don't apply where the relevant benefit in kind takes the form of cash.

Other specific exemptions mentioned in the guide include amongst others:

  • Computer equipment
  • Telephone services
  • Childcare facilities
  • Goods consumed in the workspace
  • Newspapers
  • Awards for long-term service
  • Christmas parties and events
  • Subscriptions to professionalbodies
  • Training Courses/scholarshipsto employees
  • Uniforms and specialized attire
  • Recreation areas
  • Relocation expenses
Table - 2 Column Wide
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Plant and machinery
10
Furniture and fittings
10
Industrial carpets
10
Machinery and tools used  in an agricultural business
15
Vehicles and Means of Transportation*
Commercial motor vehicles
20
Motor cycles
20
Excavators, tractors,  bulldozers, self-propelled loaders and drums for petrol companies
25
Armoured cars (e.g. used by Security Services)
20
Specialised machinery for the laying of railroads
20
New airplanes
8
New helicopters
8
Sailing vessels
4,5
Motor Yachts
6
Steamships, tug-boats and  fishing boats
6
Ship launching  machinery  
12,5
New cargo vessels
8
New passenger vessels
6
Used cargo/passenger  vessels
Over their UEL
* Plant and machinery,vehicles (excluding private motor vehicles) and other assets acquired duringthe tax years 2012 - 2018 (inclusive) are eligible to accelerated taxdepreciation at the rate of 20% (excluding such assets which are alreadyeligible for a higher annual tax rate of tax depreciation).
Other
Televisions and videos
10
Computer hardware and  operating systems
20
Application software
33 1/3
Application software for less than €1.709 is written off in the year of acquisition
Wind Power Generators
10
Photovoltaic Systems
10
Tools in general
33 1/3
Videotapes property of  video clubs
50
Buildings*
Commercial buildings
3
Industrial, agricultural  and hotel buildings
4
Flats
3
Metallic greenhouse  structures
10
Wooden greenhouse  structures
33 1/3
* In the case ofindustrial and hotel buildings that are acquired during the tax years 2012 -2018 (inclusive), accelerated tax depreciation at the rate of 7% per annumapplies.
Personal Income Tax Rates
Taxable Income €
in Millions
Tax rate %
per Sq KM
Amount of tax €
in Million of $
Cumulative amount of tax €
in Million of $
0 – 19.500
0
0
0
19.501 – 28.000
20
1.700
1.700
28.001 – 36.300
25
2.075
3.775
36.301 – 60.000
30
7.110
10.885
60.001 and over
35

The following types of income are exempted from income tax:

  •  Interest income (excluding interest income arising in the ordinary course of business or closely connected with the carrying on of the business)
    o Interest income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Dividend income
    o Dividend income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Profits from the disposal of securities/titles. Please click Cyprus Tax Regime (section: Circular  ‘Titles’) for what is defined as security/title.
  • 20% (maximum €8.550) of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment. This exemption applies until the tax year 2030(inclusive), and cannot be granted for a total period exceeding five years.
  • 50% of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment provided that the annual remuneration exceeds €100.000 (subject to certain specific conditions).
  • Remuneration from rendering services outside Cyprus to a non-Cyprus tax resident employer or to an overseas permanent establishment of a Cyprus tax resident employer for more than 90 days in a tax year.
  • Foreign exchange gains excluding those arising from trading in currencies and related derivatives. However, the taxable person has the option to make a binding election to be subject to tax only on realised foreign exchange differences.
  • Lump sum received as retiring gratuity, commutation of pension, death gratuity or as consolidated compensation for death or injury.
  • Income from permanent establishment outside the republic (subject to certain specific conditions)
  • Rental income from preserved building (subject to certain specific conditions).

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of generating taxableincome and which are supported by proper and reliable documentation, can be considered as tax deductible. These can include the following:

  • Interest relating to the acquisition of assets used in the business or of a building for rental purposes;
  • Subscriptions to trade unions or professional bodies;
  • 80% of profits arising from the exploitation of intellectual property rights;
  • Donations to approved charitable organisations;
  • Scientific research expenditure
  • Amount invested for the acquisition of shares in innovative small and medium sized business (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Donations to political parties (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Business entertaining expenses over the amount of €17.086 or 1% of turnover, whichever is lower

The following expenses cannot be deducted from the income in the computation of taxable income:

  • Private motor saloon car expenses
  • Wages and salaries on which contributions have not been paid to the relevant funds (including provident funds), in the year they are due. If the contributions are paid within two years from the end of the relevant tax year, then they are tax deductible in that year.
  • Expenses not supported by invoices or other supporting documentation
  • Interest payable or deemed to be payable in relation to the acquisition of a private motor vehicle, irrespective of whether it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of acquisition of the relevant asset.
  • Interest expense incurred for the acquisition of shares in a wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary will be deductible for income tax purposes provided that this subsidiary does not own (directly or indirectly) any assets which are not used in the business. If this subsidiary does own (directly or indirectly) assets that are not used in the business, the interest expense that corresponds to the percentage of assets not used in the business will not be deductible. This applies to shares acquired from 1 January 2012.

Personal tax allowances

  • Social insurance contributions, contributions to approved provident and pension funds, the general health plan, contributions to medical or other approved funds as well as life insurance premiums (subject to restrictions).
  • 7% of the annual life insurance premium
  • Cancellation of a life insurance policy within 6 years from the date it was entered into, part of the life insurance premiums already given as an allowable deduction will be taxable (subject to restrictions).
  • Payments relating to premiums paid to approved medical funds are tax deductible, provided that they do not exceed 1,5% of the gross salary income.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid can be credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on the same income.

Losses

Individuals who have an obligation to prepare audited financial statements may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years, to be offset against taxable income. Where person, including a partnership, converts a business into a limited liability company, any unutilised tax losses can be transferred to the new company.

Individuals can deductfrom the capital gain the following:
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Disposal of private residence (subject to certain  conditions)
€85.430
Disposal of agricultural land by a farmer
€25.629
Any other disposal of immovable property
€17.086
Table -  4 Column
Market value €
in Millions
Rate %
per Sq KM
Fees €
in Million of $
Accumulated fees €
in Million of $
Up to 85.000
3
2.550
2.550
85.000 – 170.000
5
4.250
6.800
Above 170.000
8

A Cyprus tax resident individual is any person who is physically present in Cyprus for more than 183 days in a calendar year and is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

Tax-residency

A calendar year is the same as a tax year. It does not matter the purpose of being in Cyprus, nor is it a condition that a Cyprus tax resident person owns or rents accommodation in Cyprus. It is literally based on the number of days without any further conditions.

As of 1st January 2017, an individual will also be considered a Cyprus tax resident if he/she:

  • does not spend more than atotal of 183 days in any country within a tax year; and
  • is not a tax resident of another country within the same tax year; and satisfies the following three conditions:
  1. remains in Cyprus for at least 60 days during the tax year;
  2. carries on a business in Cyprus or is employed in Cyprus or holds an office in a Cyprus tax resident company at any time during the tax year; and
  3. maintains a permanent residence in Cyprus, which can be either owned or rented.

It is noted that, if the employment/business or holding of an office as per (b) above is terminated, then the individual would cease to be considered a Cyprus tax resident for that tax year under the 60 days tax residency scheme.

For calculating and meeting both the “183 days rule” and the “60 days rule”, the below are considered:

  • the day of departure is considered a day outside of Cyprus;
  • the day of arrival is considered a day in Cyprus;
  • arriving in Cyprus and departing on the same day is considered a day in Cyprus; and
  • departing from Cyprus and arriving on the same day is considered a day outside of Cyprus.

Tax residents

Tax residents are taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic. Such income can derive from:

  • Trade or any office or employment;
  • Dividends and interest;
  • Rents and royalties from real estate or intellectual property;
  • Pensions and annuities;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • Loans or financial assistanceto a director, share holder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Non-Tax residents

  • Income from a permanent establishment situated in Cyprus;
  • Income from any office oremployment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Pensions derived from past employment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Rent from property situated inCyprus;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • The gross income derived by an individual from the exercise in Cyprus of any profession or vocation, the remuneration of public entertainers and the gross receipts of any theatrical,
    musical or other group of public entertainers;
  • Directors’ fees and similar remunerations in their capacity as directors of companies considered to be tax resident companies of Cyprus.
  • Loans or financial assistance to a director, shareholder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Benefits in Kind

The taxation of benefits is provided in Article 5 of the Income Tax Law, according to which benefits from any office or employment, provided to an employee or to a member of his family either in cash or otherwise, are subject to tax.

Benefit in kind means the benefit that is, or is deemed to be, granted in connection with any employment or the holding of an office.

The rules apply with reference to benefits in kind provided to:

  • Employees, and
  • persons who hold or are deemed to hold an office.

When the benefit is granted to a member of the family or household of the person who is employed or holds the office, then the benefit shall be deemed to be provided to that person.

Employers are required to keep records indicating how the value of the benefits in kind has been determined and such records should be available for inspection when requested by the Tax Department.

Since benefits in kind are taxed in the same way as salaries, the employer who will bear the cost of providing them will be able to deduct such cost from his taxable income under the same conditions that it would be deducted had it been a salary payment.

Any person providing "benefits in kind" to an employee and any company or corporation providing benefits to its officers, even in cases where it does not have employees, is considered as an employer by the Tax Department and should register on the Employers' Register and receive a T.I.C, which will enable the submission of the Employer's Return (T.D. 7).

The value of benefits in kind is taxed in the same way as the gross earnings, through the submission of the Form T.D. 7. Employers are required to declare the benefits in kind provided by them or by their connected companies.

Categories of Benefits in Kind

  1. Benefits in kind in relation tocars - Benefits in kind that relate to cars can be classified into three types:
  • Use of car - A benefit in kind arises where there is a usual element of private use;
  • Commercial Cars (Van type)
  • Direct cash payments for car use
  1. Accommodation and use of assets;
  2. Other benefits in kind.

Exemptions

As a general principle, exemptions apply only to the extent where the payment or reimbursement to the employee is made against actual costs supported by payment receipts. They don't apply where the relevant benefit in kind takes the form of cash.

Other specific exemptions mentioned in the guide include amongst others:

  • Computer equipment
  • Telephone services
  • Childcare facilities
  • Goods consumed in the workspace
  • Newspapers
  • Awards for long-term service
  • Christmas parties and events
  • Subscriptions to professionalbodies
  • Training Courses/scholarshipsto employees
  • Uniforms and specialized attire
  • Recreation areas
  • Relocation expenses
Table - 3 Column Wide
Contributors
Contribution percentage
01/03/2019– 28/02/2020
in Millions
Contribution percentage
from 01/03/2020
per Sq KM
Employees
1,70%
2,65%
Employers*
1,85%
2,90%
State
1,65%
4,70%
Self-Employed
2,55%
4%
Pensioners
1,70%
2,65%
Income earners (interest, rent, dividends etc.)
1,70%
2,65%
Officials
1,70%
2,65%
*Including the State as Employer
Table - 2 Column Wide
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Plant and machinery
10
Furniture and fittings
10
Industrial carpets
10
Machinery and tools used  in an agricultural business
15
Vehicles and Means of Transportation*
Commercial motor vehicles
20
Motor cycles
20
Excavators, tractors,  bulldozers, self-propelled loaders and drums for petrol companies
25
Armoured cars (e.g. used by Security Services)
20
Specialised machinery for the laying of railroads
20
New airplanes
8
New helicopters
8
Sailing vessels
4,5
Motor Yachts
6
Steamships, tug-boats and  fishing boats
6
Ship launching  machinery  
12,5
New cargo vessels
8
New passenger vessels
6
Used cargo/passenger  vessels
Over their UEL
* Plant and machinery,vehicles (excluding private motor vehicles) and other assets acquired duringthe tax years 2012 - 2018 (inclusive) are eligible to accelerated taxdepreciation at the rate of 20% (excluding such assets which are alreadyeligible for a higher annual tax rate of tax depreciation).
Other
Televisions and videos
10
Computer hardware and  operating systems
20
Application software
33 1/3
Application software for less than €1.709 is written off in the year of acquisition
Wind Power Generators
10
Photovoltaic Systems
10
Tools in general
33 1/3
Videotapes property of  video clubs
50
Buildings*
Commercial buildings
3
Industrial, agricultural  and hotel buildings
4
Flats
3
Metallic greenhouse  structures
10
Wooden greenhouse  structures
33 1/3
* In the case ofindustrial and hotel buildings that are acquired during the tax years 2012 -2018 (inclusive), accelerated tax depreciation at the rate of 7% per annumapplies.
Personal Income Tax Rates
Taxable Income €
in Millions
Tax rate %
per Sq KM
Amount of tax €
in Million of $
Cumulative amount of tax €
in Million of $
0 – 19.500
0
0
0
19.501 – 28.000
20
1.700
1.700
28.001 – 36.300
25
2.075
3.775
36.301 – 60.000
30
7.110
10.885
60.001 and over
35

The following types of income are exempted from income tax:

  •  Interest income (excluding interest income arising in the ordinary course of business or closely connected with the carrying on of the business)
    o Interest income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Dividend income
    o Dividend income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Profits from the disposal of securities/titles. Please click Cyprus Tax Regime (section: Circular  ‘Titles’) for what is defined as security/title.
  • 20% (maximum €8.550) of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment. This exemption applies until the tax year 2030(inclusive), and cannot be granted for a total period exceeding five years.
  • 50% of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment provided that the annual remuneration exceeds €100.000 (subject to certain specific conditions).
  • Remuneration from rendering services outside Cyprus to a non-Cyprus tax resident employer or to an overseas permanent establishment of a Cyprus tax resident employer for more than 90 days in a tax year.
  • Foreign exchange gains excluding those arising from trading in currencies and related derivatives. However, the taxable person has the option to make a binding election to be subject to tax only on realised foreign exchange differences.
  • Lump sum received as retiring gratuity, commutation of pension, death gratuity or as consolidated compensation for death or injury.
  • Income from permanent establishment outside the republic (subject to certain specific conditions)
  • Rental income from preserved building (subject to certain specific conditions).

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of generating taxableincome and which are supported by proper and reliable documentation, can be considered as tax deductible. These can include the following:

  • Interest relating to the acquisition of assets used in the business or of a building for rental purposes;
  • Subscriptions to trade unions or professional bodies;
  • 80% of profits arising from the exploitation of intellectual property rights;
  • Donations to approved charitable organisations;
  • Scientific research expenditure
  • Amount invested for the acquisition of shares in innovative small and medium sized business (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Donations to political parties (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Business entertaining expenses over the amount of €17.086 or 1% of turnover, whichever is lower

The following expenses cannot be deducted from the income in the computation of taxable income:

  • Private motor saloon car expenses
  • Wages and salaries on which contributions have not been paid to the relevant funds (including provident funds), in the year they are due. If the contributions are paid within two years from the end of the relevant tax year, then they are tax deductible in that year.
  • Expenses not supported by invoices or other supporting documentation
  • Interest payable or deemed to be payable in relation to the acquisition of a private motor vehicle, irrespective of whether it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of acquisition of the relevant asset.
  • Interest expense incurred for the acquisition of shares in a wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary will be deductible for income tax purposes provided that this subsidiary does not own (directly or indirectly) any assets which are not used in the business. If this subsidiary does own (directly or indirectly) assets that are not used in the business, the interest expense that corresponds to the percentage of assets not used in the business will not be deductible. This applies to shares acquired from 1 January 2012.

Personal tax allowances

  • Social insurance contributions, contributions to approved provident and pension funds, the general health plan, contributions to medical or other approved funds as well as life insurance premiums (subject to restrictions).
  • 7% of the annual life insurance premium
  • Cancellation of a life insurance policy within 6 years from the date it was entered into, part of the life insurance premiums already given as an allowable deduction will be taxable (subject to restrictions).
  • Payments relating to premiums paid to approved medical funds are tax deductible, provided that they do not exceed 1,5% of the gross salary income.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid can be credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on the same income.

Losses

Individuals who have an obligation to prepare audited financial statements may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years, to be offset against taxable income. Where person, including a partnership, converts a business into a limited liability company, any unutilised tax losses can be transferred to the new company.

Individuals can deductfrom the capital gain the following:
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Disposal of private residence (subject to certain  conditions)
€85.430
Disposal of agricultural land by a farmer
€25.629
Any other disposal of immovable property
€17.086
Table -  4 Column
Market value €
in Millions
Rate %
per Sq KM
Fees €
in Million of $
Accumulated fees €
in Million of $
Up to 85.000
3
2.550
2.550
85.000 – 170.000
5
4.250
6.800
Above 170.000
8

A Cyprus tax resident individual is any person who is physically present in Cyprus for more than 183 days in a calendar year and is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

Tax-residency

A calendar year is the same as a tax year. It does not matter the purpose of being in Cyprus, nor is it a condition that a Cyprus tax resident person owns or rents accommodation in Cyprus. It is literally based on the number of days without any further conditions.

As of 1st January 2017, an individual will also be considered a Cyprus tax resident if he/she:

  • does not spend more than atotal of 183 days in any country within a tax year; and
  • is not a tax resident of another country within the same tax year; and satisfies the following three conditions:
  1. remains in Cyprus for at least 60 days during the tax year;
  2. carries on a business in Cyprus or is employed in Cyprus or holds an office in a Cyprus tax resident company at any time during the tax year; and
  3. maintains a permanent residence in Cyprus, which can be either owned or rented.

It is noted that, if the employment/business or holding of an office as per (b) above is terminated, then the individual would cease to be considered a Cyprus tax resident for that tax year under the 60 days tax residency scheme.

For calculating and meeting both the “183 days rule” and the “60 days rule”, the below are considered:

  • the day of departure is considered a day outside of Cyprus;
  • the day of arrival is considered a day in Cyprus;
  • arriving in Cyprus and departing on the same day is considered a day in Cyprus; and
  • departing from Cyprus and arriving on the same day is considered a day outside of Cyprus.

Tax residents

Tax residents are taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic. Such income can derive from:

  • Trade or any office or employment;
  • Dividends and interest;
  • Rents and royalties from real estate or intellectual property;
  • Pensions and annuities;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • Loans or financial assistanceto a director, share holder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Non-Tax residents

  • Income from a permanent establishment situated in Cyprus;
  • Income from any office oremployment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Pensions derived from past employment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Rent from property situated inCyprus;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • The gross income derived by an individual from the exercise in Cyprus of any profession or vocation, the remuneration of public entertainers and the gross receipts of any theatrical,
    musical or other group of public entertainers;
  • Directors’ fees and similar remunerations in their capacity as directors of companies considered to be tax resident companies of Cyprus.
  • Loans or financial assistance to a director, shareholder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Benefits in Kind

The taxation of benefits is provided in Article 5 of the Income Tax Law, according to which benefits from any office or employment, provided to an employee or to a member of his family either in cash or otherwise, are subject to tax.

Benefit in kind means the benefit that is, or is deemed to be, granted in connection with any employment or the holding of an office.

The rules apply with reference to benefits in kind provided to:

  • Employees, and
  • persons who hold or are deemed to hold an office.

When the benefit is granted to a member of the family or household of the person who is employed or holds the office, then the benefit shall be deemed to be provided to that person.

Employers are required to keep records indicating how the value of the benefits in kind has been determined and such records should be available for inspection when requested by the Tax Department.

Since benefits in kind are taxed in the same way as salaries, the employer who will bear the cost of providing them will be able to deduct such cost from his taxable income under the same conditions that it would be deducted had it been a salary payment.

Any person providing "benefits in kind" to an employee and any company or corporation providing benefits to its officers, even in cases where it does not have employees, is considered as an employer by the Tax Department and should register on the Employers' Register and receive a T.I.C, which will enable the submission of the Employer's Return (T.D. 7).

The value of benefits in kind is taxed in the same way as the gross earnings, through the submission of the Form T.D. 7. Employers are required to declare the benefits in kind provided by them or by their connected companies.

Categories of Benefits in Kind

  1. Benefits in kind in relation tocars - Benefits in kind that relate to cars can be classified into three types:
  • Use of car - A benefit in kind arises where there is a usual element of private use;
  • Commercial Cars (Van type)
  • Direct cash payments for car use
  1. Accommodation and use of assets;
  2. Other benefits in kind.

Exemptions

As a general principle, exemptions apply only to the extent where the payment or reimbursement to the employee is made against actual costs supported by payment receipts. They don't apply where the relevant benefit in kind takes the form of cash.

Other specific exemptions mentioned in the guide include amongst others:

  • Computer equipment
  • Telephone services
  • Childcare facilities
  • Goods consumed in the workspace
  • Newspapers
  • Awards for long-term service
  • Christmas parties and events
  • Subscriptions to professionalbodies
  • Training Courses/scholarshipsto employees
  • Uniforms and specialized attire
  • Recreation areas
  • Relocation expenses
Table - 3 Column Wide
Contributors
Contribution percentage
01/03/2019– 28/02/2020
in Millions
Contribution percentage
from 01/03/2020
per Sq KM
Employees
1,70%
2,65%
Employers*
1,85%
2,90%
State
1,65%
4,70%
Self-Employed
2,55%
4%
Pensioners
1,70%
2,65%
Income earners (interest, rent, dividends etc.)
1,70%
2,65%
Officials
1,70%
2,65%
*Including the State as Employer
Table - 2 Column Wide
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Plant and machinery
10
Furniture and fittings
10
Industrial carpets
10
Machinery and tools used  in an agricultural business
15
Vehicles and Means of Transportation*
Commercial motor vehicles
20
Motor cycles
20
Excavators, tractors,  bulldozers, self-propelled loaders and drums for petrol companies
25
Armoured cars (e.g. used by Security Services)
20
Specialised machinery for the laying of railroads
20
New airplanes
8
New helicopters
8
Sailing vessels
4,5
Motor Yachts
6
Steamships, tug-boats and  fishing boats
6
Ship launching  machinery  
12,5
New cargo vessels
8
New passenger vessels
6
Used cargo/passenger  vessels
Over their UEL
* Plant and machinery,vehicles (excluding private motor vehicles) and other assets acquired duringthe tax years 2012 - 2018 (inclusive) are eligible to accelerated taxdepreciation at the rate of 20% (excluding such assets which are alreadyeligible for a higher annual tax rate of tax depreciation).
Other
Televisions and videos
10
Computer hardware and  operating systems
20
Application software
33 1/3
Application software for less than €1.709 is written off in the year of acquisition
Wind Power Generators
10
Photovoltaic Systems
10
Tools in general
33 1/3
Videotapes property of  video clubs
50
Buildings*
Commercial buildings
3
Industrial, agricultural  and hotel buildings
4
Flats
3
Metallic greenhouse  structures
10
Wooden greenhouse  structures
33 1/3
* In the case ofindustrial and hotel buildings that are acquired during the tax years 2012 -2018 (inclusive), accelerated tax depreciation at the rate of 7% per annumapplies.
Personal Income Tax Rates
Fund
in Millions
Employer %
per Sq KM
Employee %
in Million of $
Self-employed %
in Million of $
Social Insurance
8,3
8,3
-
Social cohesion
2
-
-
Redundancy
1,2
-
-
Industrial Training
0,5
-
-
Holiday (exemptions apply)
8
-
-

The following types of income are exempted from income tax:

  •  Interest income (excluding interest income arising in the ordinary course of business or closely connected with the carrying on of the business)
    o Interest income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Dividend income
    o Dividend income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Profits from the disposal of securities/titles. Please click Cyprus Tax Regime (section: Circular  ‘Titles’) for what is defined as security/title.
  • 20% (maximum €8.550) of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment. This exemption applies until the tax year 2030(inclusive), and cannot be granted for a total period exceeding five years.
  • 50% of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment provided that the annual remuneration exceeds €100.000 (subject to certain specific conditions).
  • Remuneration from rendering services outside Cyprus to a non-Cyprus tax resident employer or to an overseas permanent establishment of a Cyprus tax resident employer for more than 90 days in a tax year.
  • Foreign exchange gains excluding those arising from trading in currencies and related derivatives. However, the taxable person has the option to make a binding election to be subject to tax only on realised foreign exchange differences.
  • Lump sum received as retiring gratuity, commutation of pension, death gratuity or as consolidated compensation for death or injury.
  • Income from permanent establishment outside the republic (subject to certain specific conditions)
  • Rental income from preserved building (subject to certain specific conditions).

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of generating taxableincome and which are supported by proper and reliable documentation, can be considered as tax deductible. These can include the following:

  • Interest relating to the acquisition of assets used in the business or of a building for rental purposes;
  • Subscriptions to trade unions or professional bodies;
  • 80% of profits arising from the exploitation of intellectual property rights;
  • Donations to approved charitable organisations;
  • Scientific research expenditure
  • Amount invested for the acquisition of shares in innovative small and medium sized business (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Donations to political parties (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Business entertaining expenses over the amount of €17.086 or 1% of turnover, whichever is lower

The following expenses cannot be deducted from the income in the computation of taxable income:

  • Private motor saloon car expenses
  • Wages and salaries on which contributions have not been paid to the relevant funds (including provident funds), in the year they are due. If the contributions are paid within two years from the end of the relevant tax year, then they are tax deductible in that year.
  • Expenses not supported by invoices or other supporting documentation
  • Interest payable or deemed to be payable in relation to the acquisition of a private motor vehicle, irrespective of whether it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of acquisition of the relevant asset.
  • Interest expense incurred for the acquisition of shares in a wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary will be deductible for income tax purposes provided that this subsidiary does not own (directly or indirectly) any assets which are not used in the business. If this subsidiary does own (directly or indirectly) assets that are not used in the business, the interest expense that corresponds to the percentage of assets not used in the business will not be deductible. This applies to shares acquired from 1 January 2012.

Personal tax allowances

  • Social insurance contributions, contributions to approved provident and pension funds, the general health plan, contributions to medical or other approved funds as well as life insurance premiums (subject to restrictions).
  • 7% of the annual life insurance premium
  • Cancellation of a life insurance policy within 6 years from the date it was entered into, part of the life insurance premiums already given as an allowable deduction will be taxable (subject to restrictions).
  • Payments relating to premiums paid to approved medical funds are tax deductible, provided that they do not exceed 1,5% of the gross salary income.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid can be credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on the same income.

Losses

Individuals who have an obligation to prepare audited financial statements may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years, to be offset against taxable income. Where person, including a partnership, converts a business into a limited liability company, any unutilised tax losses can be transferred to the new company.

Individuals can deductfrom the capital gain the following:
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Disposal of private residence (subject to certain  conditions)
€85.430
Disposal of agricultural land by a farmer
€25.629
Any other disposal of immovable property
€17.086
Table -  4 Column
Market value €
in Millions
Rate %
per Sq KM
Fees €
in Million of $
Accumulated fees €
in Million of $
Up to 85.000
3
2.550
2.550
85.000 – 170.000
5
4.250
6.800
Above 170.000
8

A Cyprus tax resident individual is any person who is physically present in Cyprus for more than 183 days in a calendar year and is taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic.

Tax-residency

A calendar year is the same as a tax year. It does not matter the purpose of being in Cyprus, nor is it a condition that a Cyprus tax resident person owns or rents accommodation in Cyprus. It is literally based on the number of days without any further conditions.

As of 1st January 2017, an individual will also be considered a Cyprus tax resident if he/she:

  • does not spend more than atotal of 183 days in any country within a tax year; and
  • is not a tax resident of another country within the same tax year; and satisfies the following three conditions:
  1. remains in Cyprus for at least 60 days during the tax year;
  2. carries on a business in Cyprus or is employed in Cyprus or holds an office in a Cyprus tax resident company at any time during the tax year; and
  3. maintains a permanent residence in Cyprus, which can be either owned or rented.

It is noted that, if the employment/business or holding of an office as per (b) above is terminated, then the individual would cease to be considered a Cyprus tax resident for that tax year under the 60 days tax residency scheme.

For calculating and meeting both the “183 days rule” and the “60 days rule”, the below are considered:

  • the day of departure is considered a day outside of Cyprus;
  • the day of arrival is considered a day in Cyprus;
  • arriving in Cyprus and departing on the same day is considered a day in Cyprus; and
  • departing from Cyprus and arriving on the same day is considered a day outside of Cyprus.

Tax residents

Tax residents are taxed on income accruing or arising from sources both within and outside the Republic. Such income can derive from:

  • Trade or any office or employment;
  • Dividends and interest;
  • Rents and royalties from real estate or intellectual property;
  • Pensions and annuities;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • Loans or financial assistanceto a director, share holder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Non-Tax residents

  • Income from a permanent establishment situated in Cyprus;
  • Income from any office oremployment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Pensions derived from past employment exercised in Cyprus;
  • Rent from property situated inCyprus;
  • Any amount or consideration in respect of any trade goodwill reduced by any amount incurred for the purchase of such trade goodwill;
  • The gross income derived by an individual from the exercise in Cyprus of any profession or vocation, the remuneration of public entertainers and the gross receipts of any theatrical,
    musical or other group of public entertainers;
  • Directors’ fees and similar remunerations in their capacity as directors of companies considered to be tax resident companies of Cyprus.
  • Loans or financial assistance to a director, shareholder or relative up to second degree are taxable as a monthly benefit in kind equal to 9% pa on the loan amount, payable on a monthly basis by the company under the PAYE system.

Benefits in Kind

The taxation of benefits is provided in Article 5 of the Income Tax Law, according to which benefits from any office or employment, provided to an employee or to a member of his family either in cash or otherwise, are subject to tax.

Benefit in kind means the benefit that is, or is deemed to be, granted in connection with any employment or the holding of an office.

The rules apply with reference to benefits in kind provided to:

  • Employees, and
  • persons who hold or are deemed to hold an office.

When the benefit is granted to a member of the family or household of the person who is employed or holds the office, then the benefit shall be deemed to be provided to that person.

Employers are required to keep records indicating how the value of the benefits in kind has been determined and such records should be available for inspection when requested by the Tax Department.

Since benefits in kind are taxed in the same way as salaries, the employer who will bear the cost of providing them will be able to deduct such cost from his taxable income under the same conditions that it would be deducted had it been a salary payment.

Any person providing "benefits in kind" to an employee and any company or corporation providing benefits to its officers, even in cases where it does not have employees, is considered as an employer by the Tax Department and should register on the Employers' Register and receive a T.I.C, which will enable the submission of the Employer's Return (T.D. 7).

The value of benefits in kind is taxed in the same way as the gross earnings, through the submission of the Form T.D. 7. Employers are required to declare the benefits in kind provided by them or by their connected companies.

Categories of Benefits in Kind

  1. Benefits in kind in relation tocars - Benefits in kind that relate to cars can be classified into three types:
  • Use of car - A benefit in kind arises where there is a usual element of private use;
  • Commercial Cars (Van type)
  • Direct cash payments for car use
  1. Accommodation and use of assets;
  2. Other benefits in kind.

Exemptions

As a general principle, exemptions apply only to the extent where the payment or reimbursement to the employee is made against actual costs supported by payment receipts. They don't apply where the relevant benefit in kind takes the form of cash.

Other specific exemptions mentioned in the guide include amongst others:

  • Computer equipment
  • Telephone services
  • Childcare facilities
  • Goods consumed in the workspace
  • Newspapers
  • Awards for long-term service
  • Christmas parties and events
  • Subscriptions to professionalbodies
  • Training Courses/scholarshipsto employees
  • Uniforms and specialized attire
  • Recreation areas
  • Relocation expenses
Table - 3 Column Wide
Contributors
Contribution percentage
01/03/2019– 28/02/2020
in Millions
Contribution percentage
from 01/03/2020
per Sq KM
Employees
1,70%
2,65%
Employers*
1,85%
2,90%
State
1,65%
4,70%
Self-Employed
2,55%
4%
Pensioners
1,70%
2,65%
Income earners (interest, rent, dividends etc.)
1,70%
2,65%
Officials
1,70%
2,65%
*Including the State as Employer
Table - 2 Column Wide
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Plant and machinery
10
Furniture and fittings
10
Industrial carpets
10
Machinery and tools used  in an agricultural business
15
Vehicles and Means of Transportation*
Commercial motor vehicles
20
Motor cycles
20
Excavators, tractors,  bulldozers, self-propelled loaders and drums for petrol companies
25
Armoured cars (e.g. used by Security Services)
20
Specialised machinery for the laying of railroads
20
New airplanes
8
New helicopters
8
Sailing vessels
4,5
Motor Yachts
6
Steamships, tug-boats and  fishing boats
6
Ship launching  machinery  
12,5
New cargo vessels
8
New passenger vessels
6
Used cargo/passenger  vessels
Over their UEL
* Plant and machinery,vehicles (excluding private motor vehicles) and other assets acquired duringthe tax years 2012 - 2018 (inclusive) are eligible to accelerated taxdepreciation at the rate of 20% (excluding such assets which are alreadyeligible for a higher annual tax rate of tax depreciation).
Other
Televisions and videos
10
Computer hardware and  operating systems
20
Application software
33 1/3
Application software for less than €1.709 is written off in the year of acquisition
Wind Power Generators
10
Photovoltaic Systems
10
Tools in general
33 1/3
Videotapes property of  video clubs
50
Buildings*
Commercial buildings
3
Industrial, agricultural  and hotel buildings
4
Flats
3
Metallic greenhouse  structures
10
Wooden greenhouse  structures
33 1/3
* In the case ofindustrial and hotel buildings that are acquired during the tax years 2012 -2018 (inclusive), accelerated tax depreciation at the rate of 7% per annumapplies.
Personal Income Tax Rates
Fund
in Millions
Employer %
per Sq KM
Employee %
in Million of $
Self-employed %
in Million of $
Social Insurance
8,3
8,3
-
Social cohesion
2
-
-
Redundancy
1,2
-
-
Industrial Training
0,5
-
-
Holiday (exemptions apply)
8
-
-

The following types of income are exempted from income tax:

  •  Interest income (excluding interest income arising in the ordinary course of business or closely connected with the carrying on of the business)
    o Interest income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Dividend income
    o Dividend income may be subject to special contribution for defence
  • Profits from the disposal of securities/titles. Please click Cyprus Tax Regime (section: Circular  ‘Titles’) for what is defined as security/title.
  • 20% (maximum €8.550) of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment. This exemption applies until the tax year 2030(inclusive), and cannot be granted for a total period exceeding five years.
  • 50% of the remuneration from any employment exercised in Cyprus by an individual who was not a resident of Cyprus before the commencement of the employment provided that the annual remuneration exceeds €100.000 (subject to certain specific conditions).
  • Remuneration from rendering services outside Cyprus to a non-Cyprus tax resident employer or to an overseas permanent establishment of a Cyprus tax resident employer for more than 90 days in a tax year.
  • Foreign exchange gains excluding those arising from trading in currencies and related derivatives. However, the taxable person has the option to make a binding election to be subject to tax only on realised foreign exchange differences.
  • Lump sum received as retiring gratuity, commutation of pension, death gratuity or as consolidated compensation for death or injury.
  • Income from permanent establishment outside the republic (subject to certain specific conditions)
  • Rental income from preserved building (subject to certain specific conditions).

All expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for the purposes of generating taxableincome and which are supported by proper and reliable documentation, can be considered as tax deductible. These can include the following:

  • Interest relating to the acquisition of assets used in the business or of a building for rental purposes;
  • Subscriptions to trade unions or professional bodies;
  • 80% of profits arising from the exploitation of intellectual property rights;
  • Donations to approved charitable organisations;
  • Scientific research expenditure
  • Amount invested for the acquisition of shares in innovative small and medium sized business (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Donations to political parties (subject to conditions/restrictions apply)
  • Business entertaining expenses over the amount of €17.086 or 1% of turnover, whichever is lower

The following expenses cannot be deducted from the income in the computation of taxable income:

  • Private motor saloon car expenses
  • Wages and salaries on which contributions have not been paid to the relevant funds (including provident funds), in the year they are due. If the contributions are paid within two years from the end of the relevant tax year, then they are tax deductible in that year.
  • Expenses not supported by invoices or other supporting documentation
  • Interest payable or deemed to be payable in relation to the acquisition of a private motor vehicle, irrespective of whether it is used in the business or not, or other asset not used in the business. This restriction is lifted after 7 years from the date of acquisition of the relevant asset.
  • Interest expense incurred for the acquisition of shares in a wholly owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary will be deductible for income tax purposes provided that this subsidiary does not own (directly or indirectly) any assets which are not used in the business. If this subsidiary does own (directly or indirectly) assets that are not used in the business, the interest expense that corresponds to the percentage of assets not used in the business will not be deductible. This applies to shares acquired from 1 January 2012.

Personal tax allowances

  • Social insurance contributions, contributions to approved provident and pension funds, the general health plan, contributions to medical or other approved funds as well as life insurance premiums (subject to restrictions).
  • 7% of the annual life insurance premium
  • Cancellation of a life insurance policy within 6 years from the date it was entered into, part of the life insurance premiums already given as an allowable deduction will be taxable (subject to restrictions).
  • Payments relating to premiums paid to approved medical funds are tax deductible, provided that they do not exceed 1,5% of the gross salary income.

Tax credit for foreign tax paid

Any foreign tax paid can be credited against any Cyprus income tax payable on the same income.

Losses

Individuals who have an obligation to prepare audited financial statements may carry forward tax losses incurred during a tax year over the next five years, to be offset against taxable income. Where person, including a partnership, converts a business into a limited liability company, any unutilised tax losses can be transferred to the new company.

Individuals can deductfrom the capital gain the following:
Annual wear and tear allowances on assets
Rate %
in Millions
Disposal of private residence (subject to certain  conditions)
€85.430
Disposal of agricultural land by a farmer
€25.629
Any other disposal of immovable property
€17.086
Table -  4 Column
Market value €
in Millions
Rate %
per Sq KM
Fees €
in Million of $
Accumulated fees €
in Million of $
Up to 85.000
3
2.550
2.550
85.000 – 170.000
5
4.250
6.800
Above 170.000
8
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